It is not widely known that from all the countries occupied by Germans during the Second World War (1939-1945) only in Poland any kind of help given to a person of Jewish faith or origin was punishable by death, and that not only for the rescuer but also for his/her family. This was widely publicized by the Germans. The Germans applied collective responsibility, trying to eliminate as much as possible Poles, and Slavic peoples in general, who thus were only the next most terrorized population after the Jews and Gypsies. As the result of German occupation around 3 (three) million Polish Christians, as many as Polish Jews, lost their life, mostly by execution, torture, starvation, or overwork in more than 2,000 prisons and concentration camps. Those killed consisted not only of the so called intelligentsia, (educated classes) and opponents of the new regime but of all potential leaders, even simple peasants. Millions were deported to Germany for forced labour.

Massive expulsions Of Jews and Poles were undertaken into the so called "General Gouvernment", also under Germanic administration, from the Western territories of Poland, incorporated outright into the 3rd Reich, including Auschwitz. Names of towns and streets were been germanized. Speaking Polish in public was prohibited. For instance in the Gdansk, area, Danzig in German, it was punishable by death already from Sept. 4, 1939.

Around 50.000 Polish children, having northern physical features, deemed Germanic, have been forcibly taken to Germany for germanization, falsifying their birth records. Only 15 to 20 % of them returned after the war.

In the eastern half of the country, Russians attacked Poland on September 17, 1939, when she was defending herself from the Germans and occupied it for more than 50 years; mass killings followed, among them over 22 thousand Polish officers (mostly reserve) members of police and frontier guards in Katyń, Miednoye, Charków. At least one and a half million have been deported to Siberia, especially intelligentsia, out of a total population of 33 million before the war, never to return.

Poland lost 22 % of its pre-war population, more than any other country in Europe, especially its educated classes, youth and any elements which could in future oppose any of the two regimes.

On Aug. 22, 1939, a week before his attack on Poland, on September 1st, Hitler exhorted killing "without pity or mercy all men, women m and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space we need."

In the first 8 weeks 531 towns and villages were burned, 16,376 people, mostly Polish Christians, have been killed in 714 mass executions of which 60% by the Wehrmacht (German armed forces) and 40% by the SS and police. In Bydgoszcz the first victims were boy scouts from 12 to 16 years old shot in the marketplace. (See : Richard C. Lukas "The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation 1939-1944" [Lexington, Kentucky, c1986]

The Main Commission for the Investigation of Crimes against the Polish Nation - The Institute of National Memory in Warsaw published already its 3rd vol. in the series "Those who helped". It contains 704 names, out of thousands of Poles who have been murdered for aid extended to Jews. Further it contains also close to

5,000 names of Poles who have been recognized by the Israeli Yad Vashem Institute - The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority in Jerusalem, as "Righteous Among Nations" for the same reason, up to the end of 1996, out of a total of close to 15.000 similarly honoured, coming from 34 nationalities, where the automatic death sentence for help did not exist.

Those who were executed are not in principle recognized as "Righteous". They were murdered generally with the Jews they harboured, so there were no Jewish witnesses, the Polish ones not being taken into consideration. Only in the very rare cases, when a Jew managed to escape the massacre and did make the proper deposition in an Israeli consulate abroad or at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, such helpers have been recognized by the State of Israel. From the the list below you will find that entire families, from grandparents in their 90-ies to infants less than one year old have thus been put to death. Saving Jews was very difficult as about 85% did not speak Polish or spoke it in a way distinct from that of the population and their appearance alone betrayed them. The names of the executed are verified from 3-4 different and independent sources. Many more still await further verification.

The names of the helpers should be known to the entire world as the shining proof of the most selfless sacrifice, example to all, surpassing in its heroism that of the soldiers on the battle field, whom we commemorate each November.

A fact: any soldier must fight; he cannot refuse. He is sustained by the entire military organization; his efforts are often limited to short moments of attack under the euphoria of group enthusiasm, and generally he is paid and given all the necessary means when in service: food, uniform, arms, etc.

The rescuers of Jews in Poland were alone, most often either deprived completely of their pre-war means of subsistance, thrown by the occupying power out of their farms, factories, businesses, offices and even homes or at least severely limited in their possibility of earning their living. They were not under legal or even moral obligation to risk their own life and even less that of their families.

Who of us would do it today, especially in the above mentioned conditions?
 
 

Here starts the list of those who paid this help with their life.  Check the updated list at www.savingjews.org
 
 

1. ABRAMEK, Władysław, 20, living in Wola Przybysławska, near Garbów, Lublin prov.

killed by Germans on Dec. 10, 1942, while staying at his cousin, Józef Aftyka, who sheltered Jews. (see 3-6)

in Spring of 1943; he was beaten to death by Władysław Gleb, the German town mayor of Mszana Dolna, for sheltering a Jew.

4. AFTYKA, Aniela, 52, Józef's wife

5. AFTYKA, Marianna, 14, daughter

6. AFTYKA, Zofia, 17, daughter

murdered by Germans on Dec. 10, 1942 together with a group of Jews sheltered by them and with Władysław Abramek. On the same day Czesław and Leonard Gawron from the same village were also killed together with Aniela and Stanisław Kamiński, 5 members of the Nalewjka family and 5 others of the Ochmiński family - a total of 19 people (see: 1, 137-138, 209- 210, 390-391, 411)

died on July 11, 1943, together with the Kowalczyk family, shot on the charge of helping Jews (see: 264-266)

arrested on Oct. 16, 1941 for aiding Jews; died the same year at Auschwitz

A sizable group of Jews from Cegłów took refuge in the village of Cisie,

(incl. Esther, Yoyne Mendel and the baby Jabłonka Goldstein) as well as Jews who escaped from the "death trains" to Treblinka via aCegłów. On June 28, 1943 raids were carried out on the village by the military police

from Mińsk Mazowiecki, during which 25 Poles, incl. railwaymen, were snatched from their homes, together with numerous Jews they sheltered and

murdered: Marcin Dšbrowski, Franciszek Fiutkowski, Aleksander Gšsior,

Henryk Gergera, Rozalia Jaworska with her 2 years old daughter, Tadeusz

Lipiński, Zygmunt Małus, Stanisław Peżyk, Tomasz and Sylweriusz Płatek,

Edward Rżysko, Władysław Saski, Eugeniusz Skwieciński, Marian and Piotr Smater, Jan Szczęsny, Józefa Szyperska, Aleksandra Wšsowska, Jan and ,

Mieczysław Wšsowski, Władysław Wójcicki, Jan Zagańczyk and Ludwik Zajšc. Wiesław Walczewski was arrested the same day, but shot in January 1944. The VILLAGE WAS BURNT DOWN. (see: 92, 124, 141-142, 186- 187, 332, 361. 456, 470-471, 536, 539, 560, 564-565, 597, 604, 630, 635-637, 677, 693, 696)

sent to Majdanek for aiding Jews; died after torture in Oct. 1943

executed in September 1943 for helping Jews from the camp at Antopol; he tried to save Dr. Czerniak, his wife and 2 daughters, Isaac Elfenstein, Lena Mazurska and Itka Wołyniec

13. AUGUSTYN, Józefa, his wife

they sheltered 3 Jews form Szerzyny, the family of Elias and Hersh Haskel, shot together with them on Feb. 4, 1944 by German military police

shot by an SS unit on Feb. 24, 1943, together with a group of 14 people, victims of a provocation: several weeks earlier they rendered help to a Nazi agent, who pretended to be a Jewish fugitive. Died also Zygmunt Dryga, Franciszek Kirylski, Józef, Ewa and Stanisław Kotowski, Stanisław Piwko, Jan Oliwiński, Aleksandra Wiktorzak (see: 111, 216, 259-261, 469, 609, 648) Stanisław Kusiak and Stanisław Mazurek died in the Treblinka camp (see 314, 374) Died also Czesław Borowy, Jan Brzozowski and Stanisław Henduszko (see: 43, 57, 166)

15. BACZEWSKA, Honorata, 30, teacher living in Lublin

underground liason officer and AK (Home Army) press carrier, murdered for sheltering Jews early in 1945 by Ukrainian nationalists.

17. BANASZEK Stanisława, daughter

18. BANASZEK, Władysław, son

murdered in October 1943 for hiding a Jewish family of 3. This Jewish family, informed of the threat of a raid on the house, luckily escaped.

20. BARAN Szczepan, 36

On June 10, 1943 the German military police from Rzeszów surrounded the village of Hucisko and murdered 21 inhabitants of it and of the neighbouring village of Przewrotne, for sheltering Jews. Died also: Franciszek Beskur, Jadwiga Chezalik, Franciszek Dršg, Anna Dworak and 7 members of her family:Anna, Jan, Katarzyna, Maria, Michał, Stefania and Zofia; Adam, Józef and Marcin Gut, Marcin Kolano, Jakub and Józef Rumak, Józef Słuja and Adam Susich. The Germans burnt down 17 homes and numerous service buildings (see: 31, 61, 110, 113-120, 161-163, 222, 521-522, 563, 589)

Similar measures were carried out twice in the village of Przewrotne (see: 49-51, 70-71)

In December 1942 beaten up and then murderd for giving her own "Kennkarte" to a Jewess, who using it went to work in Germany, was recognized and captured

23 . BARANEK, Łucja, 35, his wife

24. BARANEK, Henryk, 12, son

25. BARANEK, Tadeusz, 10, son

26. BARANEK, Katarzyna, mother of Wincenty

murdered by military police on March 15, 1941 together with Katarzyna Kopeć, mother of Łucja and the Jews they were sheltering: Pińczowski, Skowron, Sybirski and Weitzman (see: 228)

killed on March 6, 1944, following sentence passed by a special court (Sondergericht) at Szaflary for sheltering the 6 members family of Samuel Steinberg

28. BARGLIK, Stefan, living in Tokarnia, Cracow prov.

shot on the strength of the special court verdict of the SS and police commander (Standgericht) in Cracow for "fostering Jews and sheltering them"; the execution of the verdict was pronounced on Feb. 21, 1944

employed by farmers Marian and Zofia Wysmulski, who concealed in an underground shelter 4 Jews, while providing also others with food and medicines. On Sept. 25, 1943, Germans shot also Zofia Wysmulska and the Jews they protected (see: 689)

killed in combat against Germans in April 1943, during the offensive near the Warsaw ghetto walls, organized by the GL (People's Guard)

shot on June 10, 1943 in the village of Hucisko, in a mass execution for sheltering Jews (see: 19-20)

shot by Gestapo on Jan. 14 1943 for rendering help to Jews

executed in November 1943 with Władysław and Franciszka Librowski for his part in sheltering 2 Jews: Chęciński and Bugajski (see: 329-330)

35. BOBELOWA's mother

murdered by Germans in Fall 1943 for hiding a Jewish owner of a local brewery, Sznajder Bobel, who having been warned, managed to escape

killed in March 1943 for sheltering Jews; his farmstead was burnt down

arrested at the end of November 1942 for sheltering Sarah Diller, who survived. Tortured, she perished soon after in Auschwitz. Posthumously awarded by Yad Vashem the medal as "Righteous Among Nations"

widow of the local butcher, Karol Bogucki; arested in June 1943, killed in Czortków for sheltering 11 Jews. She left behind her 3 orphan children.

40. BOREK, Helena, his wife

41. BOREK, Czesław, son

42. BOREK, Piotr

shot on Jan. 8, 1943 for help to Jews. Together with them perished their daughter, Honorata, with her husband Ryszard Wójtowicz (see: 684-685)

shot on Feb. 24, 1943 as one of the 14 persons victims of a provocation some weeks earlier they gave help to a Nazi agent, pretending to be a Jew (see 14)

45. BORYCKA, Zofia, 38, his wife

46. BORYCKI, Zbigniew, son

shot on Jan 2, 1943, for helping Jews. Their homstead was burnt down.

With them were killed 3 persons of the Krawczyk family (see: 279-281)

executed in August or September 1943 for harbouring 3 Jewish people

shot on Apr. 21, 1943, when as a liason officer of the GL (People's Guard) he tried to supply guns to the Jewish ghetto. His wife Wiktoria and his son Zbigniew were arrested. Their fate is unknown

50. BUDZ, Wojciech, 34

51. BRUDZ, Walenty, 57

On Mar. 13, 1943 German police, under Gestapo supervision, killed around 30 people in the village of Przewrotne for sheltering Jews. Along them were killed: Andrzej, Franciszek and Wojciech Dršg; Michał Gaweł; Adam Organiociak and 6 members of his family: Andrzej, Aniela, Franciszek, Józef (born in 1906) Józef (born in 1912) and Wojciech; Łukasz and Wojciech Pomykała, Antoni Rusin, Jan Walc, Franciszek Wanoska, Franciszek and Józef Wilk. (see: 108-110, 136, 427-433, 476-477, 525, 629, 633, 650-652. Other names are unknown. A second execution at Przewrotne took place on May 9, 1943 (see: 70-71) as well as in the nearby village of Hucisko on June 10, 1943. (see: 19-20)

shot on May 17, 1943, by military police from Grodzisk Mazowiecki in the "Anielin" villa of Milanówek, together with 4 Jews she concealed

shot in the first half of 1944 at the Hasag-Eisenhütte A. G. camp, for distributing food and money and passing correspondence to Jewish inmates, as part of the campaign carried by the Relief Council for Jews

arrested on Nov. 15, 1943 for help to Jewish population; jailed in Zakopane, transfered to Płaszów camp and then to Montelupich prison in Cracow. Shot there on May 28, 1944

he helped fugitives form the Sosnowiec ghetto, and transported some of them to Hungary. Arrested in 1944 by Gestapo, sent to Auschwitz, died there. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among Nations"

shot on Sep. 1, 1943 by Gestapo, together with 2 Jewish men, sheltered on her estate; one of them was Goldberg, owner of the tannery in Wołomin.

shot on Feb. 24, 1943, as one of the 14 persons, victims of a Nazi agent provocateur (see 14)

murdered on Sep. 21, 1943, by gendarmes from Pietkowo, for helping Jews, hiding after their escape from the train to Treblinka

60. BUZOWICZ, Anna, his wife

on Apr. 3, 1943, sentenced to death by a special court in Radom for helping the Jewish women Sala Rubinowicz and Else Schwarzman. Also sentenced to death for that case were: Wiktoria Paduch, Jan Pinkus, Zenon Poloński and Maria Różańska. (see: 442, 466, 475, 517)

61. CHEZALIK, Jadwiga, 41, farmer, from Hucisko, near Głogów, Rzeszów prov.

killed on June 10, 1943 in a mass execution for sheltering Jews in which 21 villagers died (see: 19-20)

foster-child of Leonard Pietrak, killed together with him and his family for harbouring 2 Jewish men, on Feb. 28, 1944 (see: 461-463)

shot on Oct. 19, 1942, for supplying food to the Radoszyce ghetto

65. CHOREW, his mother (name unknown)

66. CHOREW, his father (name unknown)

executed in fall 1943 together with the Jewish woman, Leycha Kapłan, they harboured

68. CHOWANIAK, Tekla, his wife

Karol was arrested in May 1943, together with the 4 sheltered Jews, family Kuczko among them, who were shot on the spot. Karol underwent several weeks of investigation in the Gestapo prison "Palace" at Zakopane, and was sent to Auschwitz. Tekla was arrested with her foster-child, Karolina Marek, and was sent directly to Auschwitz. All three died there (see 368)

executed by the Gestapo on May 20, 1942, at Czarny Dunajec, together with Józef Lehrer and his daughter, for supplying food to them and other Jewish people in hiding

71. CHUBRO, Michał, 53

On May 9, 1943, following Gestapo orders, the military police from Rzeszów, surrounded the village of Przewrotne and murdered 16 Poles for harbouring Jews. Others who died also were: Andrzej Gola, Antoni Granat, Ludwik Gut, Józef Kuo. Paweł Laska, Jan Marszał, Józef Tyburski (see: 148. 152. 164, 317, 323. 371, 618) The names of other 7 victims have not bee established. Similar executions took place in Przewrotne on Mar. 13, 1943

(see: 49-51) as in the nearby Hucisko on June 10, 1943 (see: 19-20)

73. CHYBOWSKA, Julia, 54, his wife

shot on Mar. 5, 1943, for sheltering Jews

shot on Nov. 7, 1943, one of three, rendering help to Jews (see 283, 582)

shot on Mar 21, 1943, for sheltering in his house a Jewess from Pacanów

76. CIOŁKOSZ, Feliks, 58, from Markuszowa, near Wioniowa, Rzeszów prov.

77. CIOŁKOSZ, (Christian name unknown), 50, his wife

78. CIOŁKOSZ, Jan, 26, their son

shot in June 1943 by military police from Wioniowa, for helping Jews who took refuge in nearby woods (see 426)

80. CYPARSKI, Alfred Fryderyk, 6, son

81. CYPARSKA, Stanisława, 3, daughter

82. CYPARSKI, Tadeusz, 6 months, son

murdered in March 1944 for help to Jews, rendered by Stefania

shot in early March 1944 by Gestapo for helping Jews and Soviet POW

murdered on Dec. 7, 1942, by gendarmes from Ciepielów, for help to Jews. Toghether with him died: Bronisław Dobroń, Stanisław Nowotnik, Marianna Skwira, Wojciech Skrzak and members of Wdowiak and of Wojewódka families (see: 102, 403, 557, 561, 638-640, 660-665)

sheltered 7 Jews in her house in Milanówek: Jadwiga Mińska, whose husband had been killed in Katyń, and 6 others, known only by their assumed names: the couple Cholewiński and their 2 sons and the couple Kordoński. In fall of 1943 five of them were arrested and their fate is unknown. Janina Wanda arrested with them, was transferred from the Pawiak prison to Auschwitz, where she died on Feb. 20, 1944

87. CZERWONKA, Julia, 55, his wife

88. CZERWONKA, Stanisław, 18, son

shot on July 1943, by Gestapo for sheltering Jews.

89. DĽBOWSKI, Krzysztof, 44, farmer, from Długołęka, near Knyszyn, Białystok

murdered on May 5, 1945, in connection with the sheltering of 7 Jews from Knyszyn since September 1942. They were: Ber Słodki with his wife Fruma, their daughter Szosza and son-in-law Abram Krawiec, rabbi; Gerson Krawiec, his wife Lenta and their son, Szmuel. All of them left Poland after the war. Dšbowski was killed by bandits who demanded large sums of money from him, which, they thought, he must have earned for sheltering Jews. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among Nations"

(town incorporated after the war into the Ukraine)

Though known before the war for her antisemitic views, she began sheltering Jews in her home, following the German occupation in 1941.

18 people were found in her villa in April 1944, including a paralysed old woman, an invalid without a leg and a blind girl. Tortured by Gestapo, she did not reveal the identity of those who had been helping her, and she was

shot with the people she had been sheltering.

having sheltered more than 12 Jews in his home and on his farm, he was shot together with the Jews during a raid organized by the German military police on the village, on Jan. 31, 1943

killed by the military police, together with 24 other Poles from the village of

93. DEC, Bronisław, from Hadle Szklarskie, near Kańczuga, Przemyol prov.

94. DEC, Stanisław, brother

95. DEC, Tadeusz, brother

96. DEC, Władysław, brother, living at Pantałowice, near Kańczuga

The Dec brothers, together with other inhabitants of Pantałowice and

Hadle Szklarskie, helped and provided food to Jews who were hiding in the surrounding woods. One of the latter, Malka Szinfeld, who was captured by the Nazis, unable to withstand the investigation to which they subjected her, gave away the names of the Poles who were helping them. On Dec. 4, l942 were detained and executed beside the Dec brothers: Zofia Kubicka, Zofia and Jakub Kuszek, Emilia and Wincenty Lewandowski (see: 293, 315-316, 327-328)

took care of many fugitives from the Warsaw ghetto, thus cooperating with Ludomir Marczak. Arrested on Nov. 25, 1943, togehter with the sheltered Jewish family, shot on Jan. 6, 1944 in the ghetto ruins. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations (see: 367)

murdered by Gestapo on June 29, 1942, together with 11 Jews of unknown identity, sheltered on her property

100. DĘBSKA's housekeeper (identity unknown)

sheltered 11 people of Jewish origin, including the family of the dentist Gottfryd and the 3 members of the family Karpel. These last managed to escape, but all others were shot

arrested on Jan. 14, 1943 for help rendered to Jews, jailed at Zakopane, later transferred to the Płaszów camp and then to the Montelupich prison in Cracow, shot there on May 28, 1944

murdered on Dec. 7, 1942, in a group of 14 Poles by gendarmes from Ciepielów, for help rendered to Jews (see: 84)

shot by the military police in autumn 1942, together with the sheltered Jews, incl. the mother Kajla born Janic. His wife managed to escape

105. DOMAŃSKI, Franciszek, 37, farmer, son

106. DOMAŃSKI, Antoni, 32, farmer, son

shot by military police on Apr. 8, 1943 for sheltering Jews and partisans

shot on Dec. 11, 1943 with his neighbours, the Szczepaniak family, for help to a Jewish family; the father of this family was also shot, but the fate of the remaining family members is unknown (see: 594-596)

109. DRĽG, Wojciech, 42

shot on Mar. 13 in the village of Przewrotne in a group execution for Jews sheltering (see: 49-51)

shot on June 10, 1943 in the village of Hucisko (see: 19-20)

shot at Paulinów by an SS unit on Feb. 24, 1943, together with a group of people, victimsof a Nazi agent provocateur (see: 14)

killed in autumn at Gniazdowo with a Jewish fugitive, Frydman

114. DWORAK, Maria, 56

115. DWORAK, Michał, 57

116. DWORAK, Anna, 30

117. DWORAK, Jan, 29

118. DWORAK, Anna, 21

119. DWORAK, Stefania, 16

120. DWORAK, Zofia, 52, living at Przewrotne, near Głogów Małopolski

killed on June 10, 1943 at Hucisko, in a group execution, for sheltering Jews (see: 19-20)

arrested and later executed on Oct. 27, 1943 for sheltering 5 Jewish males:

3 young brothers Bendys, Faust, 30, and Meler, 40. Dziak's wife, Zofia, escaped.

122. FEDEROWICZ, Jakub, living at Kawęczyn, Skierniewice prov.

shot in the spring of 1944, for sheltering Abraham Rosenberg and his son, as well as other Jewish people. Also shot was Stanisław Trojanowski, his associate and the Jews, of which only one succeeded in getting away (see 616)

nurdered in January 1944 by Germans following a denunciation; since June 1943 she sheltered 6 Jews: Samuel Szternlicht, his 2 daughters, son-in-law and 2 grandchildren, who died with her. She was posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

arrested and executed in a group execution on June 28, 1943, for help to Jewish people (see: 9)

shot by the military police, together with 5 Jews he was sheltering: Jeremiah Nadel, Necha Nadel with her 7 years old daughter, Mila, and 2 seamstresses: Regina Amada, 28 and Dora Ring, 35

shot on Mar. 31, 1944, with the Jewess whom she sheltered since the beginning of German occupation

executed in Kielce prison in summer of 1942, for transporting Jews by horse -and cart, in the company of Michał Malarecki, to the town of Chmielnik, where Jewish people might hide more safely (see: 356)

128. GACOŃ, Stanisław, living at Bukowa, near Jasło, Tarnów prov.

129. GACOŃ, Apolonia, his wife

shot on May 28, 1943, together with a 13 months Jewish girl shelterd by her

shot on Dec. 27, 1943, by SS officers from Łańcut, for helping Jews hiding in the nearby forst; toghther with them died Stefan Piechura (see 458)

executed on Apr. 6, 1944, by the military police from Ostrowiec, for sheltering 2 Jewish males with first names Marian and Grzegorz, who also perished. The husband of Maria, Stanisław, not present at the time, was soon after arrested and sent to Auschwitz, from where he returned home seriously ill and died in 1946

Together with his wife, Marianna (from 1st marriage MAJCHRZAK) they sheltered 2 Jews Rozgold in their barn. On Nov. 20, 1942, the Jews were discovered by the military police and shot, while Jan was talem to Lubartów and hanged; his wife, being then in Lublin, survived.

executed in summer 1943 for sheltering Jewish women. Bartłomiej Gielarowski, Karolina Marciniec and the Jews they were sheltering were killed also (see:144, 365)

arrested on Aug. 11, 1942, for receiving in her home Dr. Natalia Zandowa, who escaped from the ghetto; Dr. Zandowa was shot the next day in the ghetto and Dr. Garlicka perished at Auschwitz, in November of that year.

As priest of the St. Augustyn parish, bordering on the ghetto, he rendered help to its inhabitants, among other things, by communicating with the Polish underground AK (Home Army). On Dec. 20, 1943 he was murdered by Germans on the threshold of his presbitery

killed in a mass execution on Mar 13, 1943 for sheltering Jews (see: 49-51)

138. GAWRON, Leonard, 21, his brother

murdered on Dec. 10, 1942, together with the Aftyka family for helping Jews (see: 3-6)

shot on Jan. 30, 1943, together with a group of Jews whom he helped, beside partisans and 2 fugitive Soviet POW. With them died also Stanisław Skuza and Dawid Rutkowski, cooperating with Gawrych (see: 526, 558)

murderd on Sep. 9, 1943, together with 8 other Poles, sheltering Jews

142. GERGERA, Henryk, farmer

both were shot on June 28, 1943, in a group of 25 people for help organized by the village to the Jews (see: 9)

shot on Feb. 23, 1944, sentenced to death by a special court order of the SS and police commander in Cracow for sheltering Jews

shot in summer 1943 together with Karolina Marciniec, for sheltering 5 Jews from Sokołów Małopolski (see: 133)

146. GŁONIAK, Józef, son

shot on Oct. 15, 1943, together with 3 Jews from Tęczyn, sheltered by them

shot on Dec. 29, 1942, with his cousin, Anna Margol, for sheltering a Jewish women Baruch (first name unknown). The last being captured and beaten by the military police, and being promised her life, gave away the names of people who sheltered and helped her. As a result perished also: Katarzyna and Józef Kowal, Anastazja and Maria Łubiarz and Kazimierz Szabata. Boruch was killed also. (see: 262-263, 344-345, 370, 592)

shot on May 9, 1943, with 15 other inhabitants for hiding Jews (see 70-71)

shot tegether with another Pole in 1943 by German police and SS for sheltering a 12 years old Jewish boy, who died with them

she was sheltering from April 1942 a small group of Jews, while helping many others. Together with her mother she gave refuge to the family Mortkowicz, publishers and booksellers from Warsaw. Arrested on Feb. 7, 1944 she was shot after a brutal questioning, on Ap. 26 of that year.

shot in November 1943 with the Jewish woman he was sheltering

killed on May 9, 1943, with 15 villagers for sheltering Jews (see: 70-71)

154. GRUCHAŁA, Julia, her daughter-in-law

Anna was killed with 7 Jews: Szyfer, sheltered by them , by gendarmes in summer of 1944 in her own home; Julia was sent to Bergen-Belsen camp where she died

arrested on July 3, 1942, for working as an advisor in diversive and sabotage tactics in the ghetto, on orders from the Polish socialist underground. He was hanged on Leszno St. in Warsaw on Oct. 15, 1942

killed with a number of other villagers from Zajšczków and Tymienica by military police, for help to Jewish refugees (see: 320-322)

158. GRZYB, Jadwiga 80, his wife

murdered by Gestapo from Dębica, for sheltering Jews

160. GRZYWNOWICZ, Józef, 23, brother

killed on Aug. 27, 1943, for sheltering a Jewish family of 5

162. GUT, Józef, 21

163. GUT, Marcin, 46

killed on Jun.10, 1943, for helping Jews sheltered in the village (see: 19-20)

killed on May 9, 1943, in a mass execution for sheltering Jews (see: 70-71)

165. HANAS, Mikołaj, living at Zagórze, near Sanok, Krosno prov.

shot in March 1943 by Bahnschutzpolizei with the Jews he sheltered: Lew Bank and Eliasz Margolis

shot on Feb. 24, 1943, while digging trenches, as one of the 14 people, victims of a Nazi agent provocateur (see: 14)

168. HOLTZER, Marianna, 61, his wife

killed by military policemen from Rachanie on Nov. 2, 1942, for trying to protect 12 Jews, by employing them legally on their lands, killed with them169. INGLOT, Zofia, living at Wola Komborska, near Krosno

shot in Oct. 1943 by the SS for sheltering 2 Jews; died also Janina Kwolek, Józef and Katarzyna Prejzner and both sheltered Jews (see: 319, 481-482)

sentenced to death by a special court (Sondergericht) for helping Jews, announced by public notice by the commander of the SS and the Galician district police on Dec. 14, 1943

as soldier of the AK he fought together with members of the Jewish Military Union (ŻZW) during the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and was shot on Apr. 27, 1943, on Plac Muranowski

as member of the AK he fought against the German troops on Karmelicka Str . Perished on May 3, 1943, while conducting 15 Jews from the burning Ghetto

murdered in spring of 1943, together with the Kupersztok family of 5: Nata, her husband and 3 children, aged 10-18. Neighbours saved the 3 years old daughter of Izdebski

174. JABŁKOWSKA, Helena, from the Polish Socialist Party, living in Warsaw

she sheltered many Jews, incl. the Bardach family, for which she was arrested on Jan. 6, 1944 and shot soon after

176. JAJEONICA, Maria, his wife

177. JAJEONICA, Jan, 10, son

Maria, owner of a brick-yard, allowed 4 Jews who escaped from a transport, to take shelter in a building on her property. Pursuing Germans forced all 7 of them into the building and burnt them alive

murdered on Apr. 12, 1943 by gendarmes from Brańsk; with her died the two Jewish children: Lejb, 11 and Fajwel, 13, Doliński, protected by her

employee of the (PKO) Polish Savings Bank, he gave shelter in his home to the Jew Grossman. Both arrested and perished in Gross-Rosen camp, Janiczek on Dec. 4, 1944

he supplied food to the Fish family of 6, which was hiding in the woods: mother, Henia 60, daughters Baily, 23, and her baby-girl, Rosa, 26, Ester, 28, and son Moses, 30. All were killed on Dec. 8, 1942 and buried in a common grave in the wood. Jantoń was awarded posthumously with the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

182. JANUS, Maria, daughter

183. JANUS, Krzysztof, 3, son

Helena and her husband Bronisław sheltered two Jewish families: Berliński and Rusinek, 6 people. On Jan. 12, 1945 military police and Gestapo discovered the Jews and killed everyone present, incl. Bronisław's sister, Zofia Madej, her husband and her daughter. Only Bronisław, absent at that time, escaped with life (see 351-353)

sentenced to death "for conspiring with Jews" by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police (Standgericht) Public announcement dated: Jan. 28, 1944

shot together with the Jewish couple (he an enginner, she a dentist) to whom he gave refuge in his flat; the tragedy resulted from the dentist's insufficient caution in selecting patients she treated.

187. JAWORSKA, (Christian name unknown) 2, daughter

shot on June 28, 1943 at Cegłów in a group of 25 people for sheltering Jews (see: 9)

shot in January 1943 with the family of Gabriel Wołowiec for helping Jews (see: 668-673)

sentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police (Standgericht) for helping Jews. Public announcement dated: Jan. 28, 1944.

for help rendered to Jews shot on Oct. 15, 1943 by Gestapo from Tyczyn

shot on Oct. 15, 1943 at Tyczyn in a group of Poles, some of whom brought from surrounding localities, and given the death sentence for helping Jews (see: 211, 443)

193. JOĆ, Jadwiga, 57, his wife

murdered in November 1943 for supplying food to Jews hiding in forest

195. JÓZEFEK, Kazimierz

196. JÓZEFEK, Maria

sentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police for sheltering Jews . Their names were published in official announcements issued on Dec. 14, 1943 and Jan. 28, 1944

198. JUSZCZYK, Wiktoria, 45, his wife

199. JUSZCZYK, Stefan, 23, son

200. JUSZCZYK, Weronika, 20, daughter

201. JUSZCZYK, Bolesław, 17, son

202. JUSZCZYK, Helena, 15, daughter

arrested in September 1942 at Białobrzegi, together with 5 Jews sheltered by them; all have been shot at Zwoleń in the same month

204. JUZBA, Bronisława, his wife

shot on Nov. 28, 1942 by the military police, Bronisława being in her eighth month of pregnancy, for sheltering 2 Jews on their farm. Others executed at the same time included Anna Kmieć with her son and randchildren: Bronisława and Janina Sołtys (see: 219-220, 574-575) as well as other unidentified persons

205. KACZMAREK, Zygmunt, living at Dobroszyce, near Radomsko, pr.

shot on Dec. 20, 1943 on his property, with Jan Malczewski, for helping Jews, incl. Abraham Zełkowicz and his 10 years old son (see: 358)

killed on June 3, 1943 for helping 3 Jews during a German round-up, because he allowed them to hide on his farm and in the barn of neighbour, Stanisław Sojka. One of the 3 Jewish fugitives succeeded to escape (see: 567)

shot in November 1943 for helping Jews in hiding

shot on Feb. 4, 1943 by Gestapo, for sheltering Jews, incl. Mendel Ekstein. Her grandparents, Jan and Wiktoria Psioda, Józef Maduzia, Józef Ryba, as well as the 6 sheltered Jews were also killed (see: 354, 493-494, 530)

210. KAMIŃSKA, Aniela, his wife

killed on Dec. 10, 1942 with 17 other villagers (incl. the Aftyka family) for helping Jewish people (see: 3-6)

shot at Tyczyn on Oct. 15, 1943, with 4 Poles, for helping Jews (see: 191)

shot in June 1943 on his farm for help to Jews

murdered by Gestapo for helping a Jew in transporting furniture

murdered on Sep. 11, 1943 for help given to Jews

shot with a friend (name unknown) in 1942 in Nowy Sšcz by Gestapo for supplying Jewish friends with falsified "Arian"documents

shot by an SS unit on Feb. 24, 1943, together with a group of 14 people, victims of a provocation several weeks earlier (see: 14)

arrested on Sep. 11, 1943 and shot for preparing false documents for Jews

sheltered 3 Jews, incl.Moses Landner and Irena Rajs; on Dec. 4, 1943, the military police discovered the hide-out; the Jewish fugitives were shot immediately, but Kluba on Jan. 20, 1944 only. Poshumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

220. KMIEĆ, Bronisław, 19, her son

shot on Nov. 28, 1942 for sheltering Jews, incl. the son of a baker from Radgoszcz. Anna Zofia’s baby grandchildren, Bronisława and Janina Sołtys died also, as well as Tomasz and Bronisława Juzba (see: 203-204, 574-575)

shot by German gendarmes in September 1944, together with the Jewish Metzger family of 3 sheltered by her

killed ina mass execution on June 10, 1943, for sheltering Jews (see: 19-20)

arrested in 1942 for giving medical help to a Jewish woman, his housekeeper; he was murdered at Majdanek camp on Feb. 20, 1943

lead Jews out of the ghetto and sheltered them in her home or found them places of refuge, sharing with them all she had. When travelling to Łowicz to collect a debt owed to one of them, she has been betrayed as a "Jewish guardian" by the debtor and was shot by Gestapo

226. KONIECZNA, (Christian name unknown) her daughter

shot in May 1944, together with 7 unidentified Jews; her husband escaped

sheltered from 1942 to 1944 several Jews. Discovered, he was shot with them during the pacification of Szynwald in August, 1944

mother of Łucja Baranek, murderd with her whole family on Mar. 15, 1943 for sheltering 4 Jews who were killed also (see: 22-26)

executed on Dec. 6, 1942 by the military police, with 33 inhabitants from Rekówka and Ciepielów, for sheltering Jews; among others the entire Kosior family whom she visited at that time (see: 243-256)

231. KOSIARCZYK, Andrzej, 28, farmer, her son

232. KOSIARCZYK, Katarzyna, 27, cousin

shot on Oct. 9, 1943, at Bystrzejowice, in the house of Wiktoria’s daughter Zofia and her husband, Roman Kucharski, who were sheltering 5 Jews. All 10 persons were killed (see: 299-300)

shot by gendarmes in June 1944, for help rendered to Ryfka and Salka Saul, also killed

235. KOSIELSKA, Katarzyna, his wife

236. KOSIELSKA, Bronisława, daughter

237. KOSIELSKA, Genowefa, daughter

238. KOSIELSKA, Leokadia, daughter,

239. KOSIELSKA, Zofia, daughter

240. KOSIELSKI, Czesław, son

241. KOSIELSKI, Lucjan, son

242. KOSIELSKI, Stanisław, son

the family sheltered Jews on their farm. The sons were members of People’s Guard (GL) On Mar. 7, 1944 gendarmes during their search discovered the Jews and murdered them with the entire family

244. KOSIOR, Karolina 40, his wife

245. KOSIOR, Aleksander, 18, their son

246. KOSIOR, Tadeusz, 16, son

247. KOSIOR, Władysława, 14, daughter

248. KOSIOR, Mieczysław, 12, son

249. KOSIOR, Irena, 10, daughter

250. KOSIOR, Adam, 6, son

251. KOSIOR Stanisław, 40, living at Rekówka, near Ciepielów

252. KOSIOR, Maria 27, Stanisław’s wife

253. KOSIOR, Jan, 8, their son

254. KOSIOR, Mieczysław, 5, son

255. KOSIOR, Marian, 4, son

256. KOSIOR, Teresa, 3, daughter

on Dec. 6, 1942 the military police burnt alive 33 people from the neighbouring villages of Ciepielów and Rekówka. They have been denounced by members of the Volksdeutsch community of sheltering Jews.

Tadeusz Kosior tried to escape from the burning barn, but was pursued and thrown back into the flames. Other 3 families: Obuchiewicz, Kowalski,and Skoczylas, as well as other Poles and the sheltered Jews all perished in the massacre (see: 229, 257, 267-273, 405-410, 553-554)

mother-in-law of Piotr Skoczylas, killed on Dec. 6, 1942, in the mass execution (see: 243-256, 553-554)

shot by military police in May 1944, together with the Jews he sheltered, Federgrün, Goldberg and 3 children

260. KOTOWSKA, Ewa, 54, his wife

261. KOTOWSKI, Stanisław, 25, farmer, son

shot by an SS unit on Feb. 24, 1943, together with a group of 14 people, victims of a provocation, weeks earlier for help rendered to Jews (see: 14)

263. KOWAL, Józef, her son

killed on Dec. 29, 1942, on their property for helping Jews. A young Jewish woman who was caught and tortured by the Germans, had given their names when promised that her own life will be spared (see 147)

265. KOWALCZYK, Stefania, 26, his wife

266. KOWALCZYK, Jan, 2, son

shot on July 11, 1943, by gendarmes on the charge of helping Jews. Together with them died Marianna Ambroży and Katarzyna Szepietowska with her son, who were visiting them (see: 7, 598-599)

268. KOWALSKI, Bronisława, 40, his wife

269. KOWALSKA, Janina, 16, daughter

270. KOWALSKA, Zofia, 12, daughter

271. KOWALSKI, Stefan, 6, son

272. KOWALSKI, Henryk, 4, son

273. KOWALSKI, Tadeusz, 1, son

on Dec. 6, 1942, in the midst of a massacre of 33 people, carried out by military police at Ciepielów, the family were shut in the Obuchiewicz family’s house and set on fire, as a reprisal for help to Jews. (see: 243-256, 	405-410)

in late November 1943, was taken by gendarmes, with 4 Jews sheltered by him, into the forest and shot

276. KOZAK, Katarzyna, 66, his wife

were shot on Mar. 23, 1943, by gendarmes from Leżajsk for sheltering several Jews. All were killed together with Tomasz Wach (see: 628)

278. KRASUSKI, Stanisław, 5, her son

shot by gendarmes on Feb. 13, 1943, with 7 Jews sheltered by Zofia

280. KRAWCZYK, Zofia, 33, his wife

281. KRAWCZYK, Adam, 9, their son

shot on their farm on Jan. 2, 1943 for help to Jews. Their farm was burnt down. At the same time died to Borycki family (see: 44-46)

sentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police for sheltering Jews; public notice of Dec. 14, 1943

shot on Nov. 7, 1943 with 2 other persons for help to Jews. See: 74-582)

285. KRYSIEWICZ, Stanisław, farmer, from Waniewo, near Narew, Białystok pr.

286. KRYSIEWICZ, Władysława, 37, his wife

shot by military police from Tykocin, in September 1943, for sheltering Jews: Leyser Różanowicz and his wife, Benjamin Różanowicz and his wife, Shloma Jaskółka and his wife, Olsha from Sokoły and a young Warsaw woman, all of whom perished also. 5 young Krysiewicz children were taken into the homes of neighbours

killed on Nov. 21, 1943, with 2 Jewish women and a child, 5 years old Siedlce prov.

shot on May 12, 1943 by military police together with the Jewish fugitive, named Idel, sheltered in his house

290. KSIĽŻEK, Julia, 40, his wife

291. KSIĽŻEK, Jan, 21, son

292. KSIĽŻEK, Zygmunt, 18, son

shot on Jan. 29, 1943, with 2 other families for hiding the 3 Jews Wandelsmans, killed with them. The fugitives’son-in-law, Naftul, capturedand beaten, informed about their hide-out. (see: 294-298, 401-402, 439)

shot on Dec. 4, 1942, with her parents and other villagers, for helping a group of about 12 local Jews, hidden in nearby woods (see: 93-96)

295. KUCHARSKI, Mieczysław, 15, son

296. KUCHARSKI, Bolesław, 9, son

297. KUCHARSKI, Józef, 7, twin son

298. KUCHARSKI, Stefan, 7, twin son

shot on Jan. 29, 1943, by military police, with the Ksišżek and Nowak families and 2 Jewish fugitives from the Wandelsman family. Survived the massacre: Kucharski Izydor, father, and Bronisław, 13, son, who regained consciousness, but lost completely his sight, while Izydor lost an eye Anna’s mother, Julianna Ostrowska, was shot with the Kucharskis. The Wandelsmans’ son-in-law, tortured, gave out their shelter (see: 289-292, 439)

300. KUCHARSKA, Zofia, 23, his wife

killed by military police on Oct. 9, 1943, in their own house, for sheltering Jews, killed while trying to escape. Andrzej, Katarzyna and Wiktoria Kosiarczyk were also executed. The 5 years old son of Andrzej and Wiktoria, as result of injuries remained an invalid for the rest of his life. The house and all the farm buildings were burnt together with the livestock. (see: 230-232)

sentenced to death by a special court in Radom, on May 7, 1943, on the grounds that "a certain Jewish woman, who escaped from the ghetto, was sheltered in his house". The sentence was carried out on Sep. 25, 1943.

sentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police for sheltering Jews; public notice of Jan 28, 1944

304. KUPIS, Bronisława, his wife

shot in spring 1943 on their property by military policemen from Nowy Korczyn, for sheltering 3 Jews. The 3 Kupis 3 children survived

306. KUR, Aleksander, 17, her son

shot on July 27, 1943 by military police from Mińsk Mazowiecki together with the the 3 Jews sheltered by them

308. KURIATA, Franciszka, 56, his wife

sheltered Shiya Fleisch, a Jewish boy found in the woods. On April 13, 1943 the German police carried out a housesearch. The boy was not found, but the police barricaded the Kuriatas in their house and set fire to it, and to all farm buildings. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

310, KURPIEL, Franciszka, his wife

killed with a group of Jews from Przemyśl, living in an underground shelter near their house: the families Rubinfeld, Golinger and Spiegel. One of the 	sheltered managed to escape

312. KUSIAK, (Christain name unknown), 21, son of Wojciech

313. KUSIAK, (Christian name unknown) 6, son of Wojciech

shot by military police with Katarzyna Rybak and some Jewish fugitives. The hideout was given away by one of the last, tortured by the Germans. Wojciech and a 3rd son, not present at the time, escaped (see: 531)

killed after Feb. 24, 1943 in Treblinka camp, as one of 14 Poles victims of a provocation, weeks earlier (see: 14)

316. KUSZEK, Zofia, his wife

shot on Dec. 4, 1942 for helping and supplying food to Jews hiding in the woods; their daughter, Zofia Kubicka and other villagers also died

317. KUŚ, Józef, 40, living at Przewrotne, near Głogów Małopolski, Rzeszów prov.

killed on May 9 1943 in a group of 16 Poles for sheltering Jews (see: 70-71)

killed on Sep. 3, 1943 with a 15 years old boy, Chaim, sheltered by him

shot by SS officers in Oct. 1943, together with 3 other Poles for sheltering 2 Jews, also killed (see: 169)

320. LASEK, Jan, living at Tymienica, near Chotcza, Radom prov.

321. LASEK, Eugenia, 12, his granddaughter

322. LASEK, Zdzisław, 14, his grandson

shot at the turn of 1942, together with Józef Rutkowski from Tymienica and Grzeszczyk and Lelunek from Zajšczków, for help offered to Jews (see: 156, 326, 529)

shot on May 9, 1943, in a group of 16 Poles for sheltering Jews (see: 70-71)

during the Ghetto Uprising she and Janina Pławczyńska helped Jewish insurgents and passed letters from them to the Polish underground. Following the fall of the ghetto, the 2 women hid 10 insurgents in a shelter they built themselves. Discovered all 12 people were executed (see: 472)

shot on Jan. 20, 1943 for sheltering 2 Jews who were also killed and a Jewsih woman, who managed to escape. Lazar’s wife, Maria was sent to Auschwitz

shot with 5 people, at the turn of 1942 for help to Jews (see: 320-322)

328. LEWANDOWSKA, Emilia, his wife

shot on Dec. 4, 1942 at Pantalowice for help to Jews hiding in the woods and for sheltering them temporarily in their home. A number of villagers were killed with them (see: 93-96)

330. LIBROWSKI, Władysław, 35, her son

shot by military police in November 1943 together with 8 Jews hiding in their barn: families Chęciński and Bugajski. Killed also was Gerwazy Bańkowski, sheltering 2 of them (see: 33)

Adolf Synaj in search of shelter with Ligas, was shot by Germans in July 1943. Ligas got away, but soon was caught and died in Montelupich prison in Cracow

shot on June 28, 1943 in a group of 25 Poles for sheltering Jews (see: 9)

334. LUBKIEWICZ, Maria, 44, his wife

335. LUBKIEWICZ, Stefan, 25, son

shot by military police on Jan. 13, 1943 for supplying bread to Jewish women: Elża and Czapkiewicz from Sadowne, who were killed later

336. ŁODEJ, Wojciech, living at Lubień, near Rozprza, Piotrków prov.

337. ŁODEJ, Marianna, his wife

killed at Lubień on Dec. 14, 1942 by military police from Iłża, for saving Jews, incl. Chil Brawermann

coorganized a camp for the Kutera forest-range for about 40 Jews from Iłża, whom he supplyed with food; he was killed on Dec. 31, 1942

343. ŁODEJ, Edward, 14, son

341. ŁODEJ. Janina, 12, daughter

342. ŁODEJ, Władysław, 8,. son

343. ŁODEJ, Stanisław, 6, son

The entire family was arrested at Lubień on Dec. 21, 1942 and killed in the forest near Iłża

344. ŁUBIARZ, Anastazja, 43, farmer, living at Majdan Nowy, Near Kiężpol, Zamość prov.

345. ŁUBIARZ, Maria, 76, Anastazja’s mother-in-law

killed on Dec. 29, 1942 by military policemen from Biłgoraj, for sheltering Jews; they were betrayed by a young woman under their care, tortured by Germans and promised her life. The husband and son of Anastazja hid themselves. All the farm buildings were burnt down (see: 147)

shot in autumn of 1943 together with 7 Jews, hiding in the nearby forest since 1942, whom he helped

348. ŁUKACZ, Janina, his wife

arrested in the middle of 1943 for helping 3 Jewish families: Luterman, Rand and Fish. Eugeniusz died in Dachau camp, Janina in Tarnów prison

349. MACHUL, Jan, farmer, living at Cezaryn, near Puławy, Lublin prov.

shot on July 3, 1943, together with 2 Jews he was sheltering

killed by military police on May 8, 1942 at Schabojewo for sheltering 3 Jewish women: Choma Dygała, Alka Alterowicz and Ida Alterowicz

352. MADEJ, Zofia, his wife

353. MADEJ, Krystyna, 2, daughter

killed by Germans on Jan. 12, 1943 in the house of Zofia’s brother, Bronisław Janus, with his family and 6 sheltered Jews (see: 181-183)

shot by Gestapo and soldiers of Wehrmacht in a group of 4 farmers and 6 sheltered Jews (see: 208)

sentenced to death for sheltering Jews; verdict passed by the special court of the SS and police commander in Cracow, pronounced on Feb. 23, 1944

arrested in summer 1943 for transporting Jews, together with Stanisław Furmanek, from Daleszyce to Chmielnik; he died following torture in prison (see: 127)

sentenced to death for helping Jews; public notice of the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police of Dec. 14, 1943

shot at Dobroszyce on Dec. 20, 1943, with Zygmunt Kaczmarek and the Jews they sheltered: Abraham Zełkowicz and his 10 years old son (see: 205)

360. MALICKI, (Christian name unknown) her husband, also civil servant there

perished at Treblinka, sent there at the end of 1942 or beginning of 1943, for supplying, with the help of a parish priest, false documents to Jews, incl.

Maria Reichenbach and her sister. The parish priest has also been killed

shot on June 28, 1943 in a group of 25 Poles for help to Jews (see: 9)

sheltered with his son, Zdzisław, the Jewish boxer Shapshi Rotholz, his wife Maria and their son Ryszard. Denounced, perished in spring 1944, with Maria Ratholz; the others succeeded to escape. Tadeusz was awarded posthumously the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

364. MARCINIAK, Zofia, his wife

;shot on Feb. 15, 1943 in their house in which they sheltered 7 Jews; one of whom escaped

shot in summer 1943, with Agnieszka Gałgan, Bartłomiej Gielarowski and 5 Jewish fugitives from Sokołów (see: 133)

together with his wife, Anna and his son Piotr, he hid in a special shelter 4 Jews: Mendel Friedman with his son Izak and Klara Hart with her 6 years old son, all of whom survived and after the war emigrated. But Marciszczuk was murdered in 1945 by Ukrainian nationalists. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

he sheltered in a special hide-out on Świętojerska Str. and in his flat on Pańska Str. in Warsaw dozens of Jewish people from the beginning of German occupation. Arrested on Nov. 25, 1943 with 13 Jews and the Polish woman Jadwiga Deneko, he was shot on Dec. 31, 1943 (see 97)

arrested in May 1943, together with Karol and Tekla Chowaniak, her foster-parents; she was sheltering 4 Jews. All died in Auschwitz (see:67-68)

hid underneath his barn 4 Jews: Lejba, Wulwe, Moniek and Sifra. After being betrayed, Władysław was arrested on Dec. 8, 1942, with his wife Agnieszka and 5 children. He alone from his family was killed on March 15, 1943, his farm buildings and livestock were burnt. The 4 Jews were not in the shelter that day and thus escaped also.

killed with her cousin Józef Gnidula on Dec. 29, 1942, for helping Jews (see: 147)

killed in a mass execution on May 9, 1943 for sheltering Jews (see: 70-71)

373. MARZYJANEK, Michał, son

murdered in 1944 at Brzostówka, near Tomaszów Mazowiecki, for sheltering during 1,5 year 4 Jews Cymerman, who died when trying to escape

killed after Feb. 24, in Treblinka, as one of 14 Poles, victims of provocation several weeks earlier (see: 14)

shot in 1943 for sheltering Jews

377. MENDALA, Teresa, 40, his wife

378. MENDALA, (Christian name unknown) 12, daughter

379. MENDALA, (Christian name unknown) 10, son

killed on July 5, 1943, by military policemen and Gestapo, for helping Jews hiding in the nearby forest, who, during the winter stayed in the Mendala’s home. The bodies of the Mendala family were burnt with their farm buildings. Also perished the mother of Teresa, Wiktoria Wężowicz, and their neighbour, Władysław Starzec (see: 579, 642)

381. MICHALSKI, Stanisław, son

shot in March 1943, in a nearby forest, for helping Jews by the German gendarmes

murdered on Sep. 9, 1943, together with the Rębiś family for sheltering Jews (see 508-512)

sentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police, for helping Jews; public notice of Jan. 28, 1944)

shot at Ludźmierz on Mar. 6, 1944, with 2 other women and 3 men of unknown names, for helping Jews (together 6 people)

with members of his family he helped Jews by bringing them food into the woods and keeping 2 of them on his farm: Izak Parnas and Izak Szterling, who stayed there until the end of the war. However when news spread around how they survived, Stefan was murdered by the Ukrainian nationalists. He was awarded posthumousl.y the medal "Righteous Among Nations".

he sheltered 5 Jews, incl. the Honig family, since September 1942, in a dug-out under his home. Arrested in Jan. 1943, even though the Germans failed to find the Jews, he was sent to Majdanek where he died.

killed on Apr. 19, when fighting with his Home Army (AK) unit at the ghetto walls, the first day of its uprising, attempting to make an opening in the ghetto walls at the Bonifraterska Street

shot in winter of 1942-43 near the so calld Górki (headquarters of the military police at Ciepielów, for "conspiring with Jews"

shot by gendarmes on Dec. 21 1943, under a charge of helping Jews.

390. NALEWAJKA, Jan, from Wola Przybysławska, near Garbów, Lublin pr.

391. NALEWAJKA, Julia, his wife

burned alive on Dec. 10, 1942, in their own home together with their 3 children and the sheltered Jews (see: 3-6)

killed by Gestapo for saving from certain death a Jewish woman from Jasło: Sarah Diller. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among Nations". Sarah recounted me her story in Jerusalem in 1985. (see: 37)

393. NIECPOŃ, Jan, 56, living at Żołynia, near Leżajsk, Rzeszów prov.

shot by local gendarmes in May 1944, together with a Jewess, fugitive from Białobrzegi, whom he sheltered.

arrested in Mar. 1943 and then shot for aiding Jews

murderd by members of the Gestapo from Tarnów, on Apr. 8, 1943, together with 2 Jews sheltered by him

arrested for sheltering the Wolkenfeld family; shot in the building of the tribunal on Aug. 24, 1942

A search on April 6, 1943, resulting from a denunciation, was carried out in her house by military police from Ostrowiec. Even tough no sheltered Jews were discovered, as they took refuge elsewhere, Maria and Leokadia Swarlińska, mother of a 3 years old child, were sent to concentreation camps. Leokadia survived, but Maria perished

hanged in public at the Hasag-Werke factory at Skarżysko for smuggling food to Jews forced to work there

400. NOWAK, (Christian name unknown) his daughter

killed on June 22, 1943, for Teofil’s involvment in aiding Jewish people. Maria and Stanisław Wierzbanowski, Zębala (no first name) and Katarzyna Żnuda with her children, were shot at the same time (see: 644-645, 698, 702-704)

402. NOWAK, (Christian name unknown), daughter

shot on Jan. 29, 1943 for sheltering the Wandelsman family, also killed (see: 289-292)

murdered on Dec. 7, 1942 in a group of 14 people by gendarmes from ;Ciepielów for help given to Jews (see: 84)

shot in 1941 with sister Marta Wołowska for sheltering Jews in the nunnery (see: 674)

405. OBUCHIEWICZ, Piotr, 58, living at Ciepielów, Radom prov.

406. OBUCHIEWICZ, Helena, 35, his wife

407. OBUCHIEWICZ, Władysław, 6, son

408. OBUCHIEWICZ, Zofia, 3, daughter

409. OBUCHIEWICZ, Janina, 2, daughter

410. OBUCHIEWICZ (Christian name unknown), 7 month old baby

died on Dec. 6, 1942 when military police burned alive 33 villagers from Ciepielów and Rekówka, for sheltering Jews (see: 267-273)

411. OCHMIŃSKI, (Christian name unknown) living at Wola Przybysławska, near Garbów, Lublin prov

burned alive on Dec. 10, 1942 with 4 members of his family in a mass execution carried out at the village where Jews were sheltered (see: 3-6)

413. OLESIUK, Stefania, 40, his wife

414. OLESIUK, Piotr, 14, son

415. OLESIUK, Stefan, 9, son

416. OLESIUK, Szymon, 3, son

shot on Nov. 7, 1943 at Chominna village by military police from Wisznice for sheltering a Jew, who also perished

418. OLSZEWSKA Janina, 30, wife of Henryk

419. OLSZEWSKA, Krystyna, 9, Janina’s daughter

420. OLSZEWSKA, Zofia, 1, Janina’s daughter

421, OLSZEWSKI, Bogdan, 2, Janina’s son

422. OLSZEWSKI, Jan, 5, Janina’s son

423. OLSZEWSKI, Marian, 10, Maria’s son

424. OLSZEWSKI, Leon, 19, Maria’s son

425. OLSZEWSKI, Henryk, 33, Maria’s step-son

On April 16, 1943 Germans discovered 11 members of the Weintraub family sheltered by the Olszewskis in a specially built dug-out. Henryk and Leon were taken by the police and their fate is unknown. The other 7 members of he family were killed in their house

shot be gendarmes with a group of people in June 1943 at Markuszowa village for rendering help to Jews hiding in the forest (see: 76-78, 467, 608, 694)

428. ORGANIŚCIAK, Wojciech, 58

429. ORGANIŚCIAK, Józef, 37

430. ORGANIŚCIAK, Aniela, 34

431. ORGANIŚCIAK, Andrzej, 31

432. ORGANIŚCIAK, Franciszek, 31

433. ORGANIŚCIAK, Józef, 31

killed on Mar. 13, 1943, in a mass execution in the village Przewrotne for sheltering Jews

died in Majdanek concentration camp, having been sent there for helping Jews and for encouraging his parishioners to the the same

arrested on Oct. 20, 1942 and shot shortly afterwards for help to Jews

437. OSOJCA, Aniela, 28, his wife

438. OSOJCA, Jan, 2, son

shot by gendarnes from Lipsko on Dec. 14, 1942, for help to Jews

killed in a massacre at her daughter’s, Anna Kucharska’s house on Jan. 29, 1943, for Kucharski’s role in sheltering Jews (see: 294-298)

arrested for help rendered to Jews and sentenced to death by a special court in Częstochowa, on June 1, 1944. Shot on Nov. 2, 1944

441. PACZKA, Rozalia, 53, from Wola Rafałowska, near Chmielnik, Rzeszów pr.

shot by military police on Oct. 4, 1943, for sheltering Jews

sentenced to death together with others on Apr. 3, 1943, by a special court in Radom, for rendering help to Sala Rubinowicz and Elsa Schwarzman in their escape from ghetto (see: 59-60)

shot on Oct. 15, 1943 at Tyczyn in a group fo 5 Poles sentenced to death for helping Jews (see: 191)

445. PAŁASZEWSKA, Helena Stanisława, 34, his wife

shot by gendarmes on Jan. 6, 1942, for helping Jews

447. PANECZKO, Jan

shot on Mar. 5, 1943 at Wierzchowisko for sheltering Jews

shot by gendarmes in 1943 for giving help to Jews

killed by Germans on July 4, 1943 for helping Jewish people

shot in 1943 at Szklary, with the 3 sheltered Jews

killed with the 2 sheltered Jews on July 13, 1943 by military police from Grójec

sentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Cracow District Police for helping and sheltering Jews. Announcement published on Jan. 29, 1944

454. PAZUR, Jan

shot by gendarmes from Rembertów on Mar. 3, 1944, together with the Jewsthey sheltered: Herman Kaftal and Anna Więcek

shot by gendarms in 1942 for help offered to Jews

shot om June 28, 1943, with 24 villagers for sheltering Jews (see: 9)

sentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police for aiding Jews; announcement of Dec. 14, 1943

shot by SS from Łańcut on Dec. 27, 1943 for help rendered to Jews; died also Grzegorz Gajda (see: 130)

arrested by Gestapo on Apr. 18, 1944 for sheltering in his house 2 Jewish women: Ela Złotnik and Rifka Szaniecka. Killed in the concentration camp Stutthof in 1945. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations

shot on Jan. 20, 1944 by German military policemen from Zakliczyn, for sheltering Benjamin and Roman Sukman

462. PIETRAK, Maria 32, second wife of Leonard

463. PIETRAK, Stanisław, 22, Leonard’s son

surrounded in their home by Germans on Feb. 28, 1944; the house was destroyed by grenades and the Pietrak family shot for providing food and temporary accomodation to 2 Jewish partisans. Their farmhand, Franciszek Chęć and Stanisław Wierzbicki who lived in their house were also killed (see: 62, 646)

arrested and shot at the turn of 1942 for providing medical help to a Jewish child

shot by German gandarmes on June 26, 1942 for help rendered to Jews

sentenced to death with other people on Apr. 3, 1943 by a special court Radom for helping Sala Rubinowicz and Elka Szwarcman (see: 59-60)

shot by gendarmes with other people in June 1943 at Markuszowa for help to Jews hiding in the forest (see: 426)

killed by military police for taking a Jewish refugee, Szpulman, from Kowel to Chełmno at the turn of 1942. The Jewish family he sheltered escaped

shot by an SS unit on Feb. 24, 1943 at Paulinów, in a group of 14 people, victims of a Nazi agent who pretended to be a Jewish fugitive (see: 14)

471. PŁATEK, Tomasz, his brother

shot on June 28, 1943 in a group of 25 villagers for sheltering Jews (see: 9)

died with Rena Laterner for helping Jewish insurgents to contact underground members on the "Arian" side and in sheltering them (see 324)

shot by Gestapo in early January 1943 for withholding information from the authorities about Jews sheltered by Maria Rogozińska (see 514-515)

hoarded and supplied arms to the Warsaw ghetto, to the Jewish Fighting Organization (ŻOB) . On July 7 1943 German police forced its way into his flat, where he sheltered a Jewish insurgent: Tuvie Szejngut. Stefan committed suicide.

sentenced to death with other people by a special court in Radom, for helping Sala Rubinowicz and Elka Szwarcman, who escaped from the ghetto

477. POMYKAŁA, Wojciech, 26

killed in a mass execution on Mar. 13, 1943 for feeding and sheltering Jews (see: 49-51)

murdered by Gestapo at the end of 1942 in her boarding house, on Widok Str. 11, together with her sister Regina Prokulska, for sheltering a Jewish teacher and a Jewish girl who were also killed (see: 483)

shot together with his friend, Jan Witek, in July or August, 1942, on the charge of sheltering Jews (see: 675)

shot by gendarmes in July 1944, together with the 4 Jews he sheltered

482. PREJZNER, Katarzyna, 45

shot by SS in October 1943, with two other Polish women and the two Jews whom they sheltered (see: 169)

murdered by Gestapo for sheltering in the boarding house of Jadwiga Ponikowska a Jewish teacher and a Jewish girl, killed with them. (see: 478)

as a liason officer of the Cracow branch of the Relief Council for Jews (Rada Pomocy Żydom) "Żegota" she went several times to Lwów, to bring back Jewish women who were endangered there. She brought back Róża Kfare, Helena Szumańska, dr. Zina Paduchowa, Helena Ehrlich and others. Early in 1944 she was arrested on the train near Tarnów and murdered

shot by Gestapo in 1944 for sheltering the Plum family during 1942-44

shot on July 2, 1943 at that village by military police from Mińsk, with the 3 Jews he sheltered

488. PRZEŚLAK, Jan, head of the school at Jaworzno, her husband

arrested and imprisoned in Katowice, for sheltering several Jews in the school ;cellars. Transferred to Auschwitz on Aug. 26, 1942 and murdered there.

490. PRZYBYSZ, (Christian name unknown) his wife

491. PRZYBYSZ, Jan’s sister

arrested at the end of 1943 or beginning of 1944 by Gestapo and military police for sheltering Jewish people. All shot in the meadows of Boernerowo

murdered by gendarmes from Tarnopol in winter of 1943/44, together with a Jewish girl sheltered by him

494. PSIODA, Wiktoria, 70, his wife

shot on Feb. 4, 1943, by Gestapo and Wehrmacht in a group of 4 farmers and 6 Jewish fugitives (see: 208)

shot in September 1943, together with Aron Goldman, sheltered by her

shot by gendarmes in March 1944, when they found a Jew hiding in his yard

arrested for his part in helping Jews, sent to the camp at Mauthausen, from where he never returned. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among Nations"

498. RACHTAN, Kazimierz, living in Cracow

seentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Cracow District Police for associating with and helping Jewish people; Public announcement from Jan. 29, 1944

shot by Wehrmacht soldiers with a Jew and his 2-3 year old child sheltered by her

shot by German gendarmes in March 1942 under the charge of aiding Jews

executed on Mar 7, 1944 in the local Brygidki prison for sheltering a small Jewish girl in Drohobycz

;sentenced to death for sheltering Jews; verdict passed by the special court of the SS commander and the Cracow District Police, at Zakopane, on Jan 29, 1942.

arrested in July 1943 for sheltering a Jewish woman with a 15 years old son, who were killed immediately. Radwańska was taken to Pawiak prison in Warsaw and then sent to Auschwitz, where she died in April 1944

505. RADZIK, Maria, his wife

Stanisław was shot on Sep.30, 1943 at Gorlice for sheltering 4 Jews. His wife was murdered on Jan. 26, 1944, during the investigation

shot on Sep. 18, 1942 for rendering help to Jews

murdered on July 27, 1942, in the Warsaw ghetto, where he went, with a permit, called by a patient, Abe Gutmajer; all occupants of that flat were killed

509. RĘBIŚ, Anna, his wife

510. RĘBIŚ, Zofia, 27, daughter

511. RĘBIŚ, Wiktoria, 24, daughter

512. RĘBIŚ, Karol, 19, son

murdered during a house search, together with 9 Jews whom they sheltered, on Sep. 9, 1943 by German police from Dębica. Killed also were Piotr Gawryś, Zofia Miela, a maid and 2 other Poles (see: 140, 382)

shot on June 15, 1943 by military policemen from Węgrów, who discovered Jews hidden in the barn, incl. Moshe Ptak. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among Nations"

515. ROGOZIŃSKI, Jan, 5 , son

There was a group of Jews sheltered in the cellar of their house. Early in January 1943, when the Rogozińskis were away, volksdeutch neighbours brought the Gestapo, who murdered all the Jews together with Piotr Sendra, and Piotr Podgórski. The Gestapo threatened that the whole village would be punished if the Rogozinskis didn’t show up, with the result that they were given away to the Germans and were killed on Jan 15, 1943. (see: 473. 543)

shot on Mar 13, 1943, together with the 5 sheltered Jews: Teresa Powšzek and her husband, Helena Szpindler and her mother, Abram Słomka, and 2 fugitives Soviet POW.

sentenced to death with others on Apr.3, 1943, by a special court in Radom for helping Jewesses: Ela Szwarcman and Sala Rubinowicz (see: 59-60)

519. RUCHAŁA, Weronika his wife

;shot for supplying food to Jews hiding in forest

shot on Apr. 27 for repeated help to Jewish people

522. RUMAK, Józef, 31

shot on June 10, 1943 in a mass execution for sheltering Jews at Hucisko (see:19-20)

524. RUMIN, Jan, her son

shot with the 5 Jews they sheltered: the Kaufer family from Zawada

killed on Mar. 13, 1943 in a group of 30 Poles for helping Jews (see: 49-51)

shot on Mar. 30, 1943, together with Jan Gawrych and Stanisław Skuza and a group of Jewish partisans they helped (see: 139)

528. RUTKOWSKA, Genowefa, his wife

sentenced to death by a special court in Piotrków, on June 23, 1943, for sheltering Chaim Beleberg and another Jew; both died with them.

killed at the end of 1942, with 5 others for helping Jews (see: 320-322)

murdered on Feb. 4, 1943 with Maria Kałuża amd her family for sheltering Jews (see: 208)

killed for her coincidental presence at the house of Wojciech Kusiak, whose family was killed for sheltering Jews (see: 311-313)

arrested on Dec. 2, 1943 with her sisters: Jadwiga Śledź and Janina Żelichowska, and a relation Helena Śledź, for help rendered to Jews.l four were placed in the Pawiak prison and shot on Dec. 10, 1943 in the ruins of the ghetto (see: 606-607, 701)

534. RYGIEL, (Christian name unknown) his wife

535. RYGIEL, (Christian name unknown) their son

shot together with Paweł Wandersman and his sister By German gendarmes in December 1943, for sheltering Jews (see: 631-632)

shot on June 28, 1943, in a group of 25 Poles for sheltering Jew (see: 9)

537. SAMOJEDNY, Jan, 56, farmer, living at Głogów Małopolski, near Rzeszów

538. SAMOJEDNA, Maria, 52, his wife

shot in their home by German police on Feb. 19, in Pruszków, Warsaw pr.for sheltering Jews

shot on June 28, 1943 in a group of 25 Poles from the village of Cisie for sheltering Jews (see: 9)

540. SAWICKA, Emilia, 50, farmer, living at Korolówka, near Borszczów, (plce incoroporated after the war in tho the Soviet Ukraine)

Emilia and her 3 sons have sheltered in 1943-44 sisters Rena Hausner and Pola Henenfeld, with her husband Leon. Shortly after the war the Jews left Korolówka. When Ukrainian bandits came, they, not having found the Jews, murderd Emilia and Nikodem. Both posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

9 Jews were arrested in Limanowa on Sep. 6, 1939 and while being loaded into vehicles, were spat upon and beaten. Semik, able to speak German, tried to intervene, for which he too was shot with the Jews near Mordarka

murdered by Gestapo early in January 1943 for cooperation in helping a group of Jews in the home of Maria Rogozińska (see: 514-515)

murdered on Oct. 24, 1942 for help rendered to Jews

On a number of occasions she hid in her flat on the corner of Janowska and Grodzka Street, young Jewish fugitives from Lwów. Jews escaped from the Lwów ghetto to the Łyczaków cememery, from which her son-in-law, a railway mechanic, brought them to Przemyśl. Arrested by Gestapo in 1942, beaten and tortured, brought to Auschwitz, she soon perished there.

socialist activist in a youth organization, captured in May 1940, while conducting Jews out of the ghetto to the woods. He died in the Gestapo jail on Szucha Str. in Warsaw, after torture Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations".

548. SINIARSKA, Marianna, 43, his wife\

549. SINIARSKI, Marian Józef, 16, son

550. SINIARSKA, Irena, 9, daughter

551. SINIARSKI, Edward, 8, son

Alle were shot on Mar. 10, 1944, by military police from Mszczonów for sheltering 3 Jews: the Lipszyc family, who died also

arrested in 1942 by Gestapo for organizing escapes of Jews. He died from beatings and torture

554. SKOCZYLAS, Leokadia, 8, his daughter

burned alive on Dec. 6, 1942 by military policemen in a group of villagers for feeding and sheltering Jews. (see: 243-257)

shot on Mar. 2, 1943 at Roguziec, by military police for sheltering Jews

sentenced to death by the commander of the SS and the Galician District Police for helping Jews. Announcement from Dec. 14, 1943

murdered on Dec. 7,1942 in a group of 14 people by gendarmes from Ciepielów, for helping Jews (see: 84)

shot on Mar. 30, 1943 with Jan Gawrych and Dawid Rutkowski together with a group of Jewish partisans whom they helped (see: 139, 526)

shot as she was leaving Warsaw in Sep. 1944, before the collapse of the Warsaw uprising, accompanied by Wacław Turski-Teitelbaum, whom she sheltered and who was killed too

shot on June 28, 1943 in a group of 25 villagers for sheltering Jews (see:84)

murdered on Dec. 7, 1942 in a group of 14 people by gendarmes from Ciepielów, for help in sheltering Jews (see: 19-20)

arrested on Dec. 30, 1943 for sheltering in his apartment the horse tradesman Majer Zalcman; shot the next day with the Jewish man

killed on June 10, 1943, in a mass execution carried out at Hucisko for helping and sheltering Jews (see: 9)

565. SMATER, Piotr,

shot on June 28, 1943, in a group of 25 villagers for sheltering Jews (see:9)

shot by gendarmes on Dec. 19, 1942, for sheltering 5 to 6 Jews

shot on June 3, 1943 by the military police for trying to hide 3 Jews during a round-up in his barn at the farm of Stefan Kaczmarski (see: 206)

shot on July 10, 1944 at Żelechów for concealing 3 Jewish women, among them Maria and Hanka Popławski, who died with him. Previously he sheltered also the families: Boruchowiczs, Wajnbergs and Szyfmans

shot by Gestapo form Cracow in 1944 for help to Jews, among them to Naftali Gries, a lawyer from Wojnicz, who died with him

571. SOLOWSKA, Helena, his wife

572. SOLOWSKA, Wanda, 12, daughter

573. SOLOWSKI, Marian, 5, son

the family sheltered a Jewish family of 7 persons, in a hide-out on their farm. In 1943 gendarmes from Szczebrzeszyn murdered all of them

575. SOŁTYS, Janian, 4, her sister

murdered on Nov. 28, 1942 together with their grandmother, Zofia Kmieć, who sheltered Jews (see: 219-220)

shot by German gendarmes at Radgoszcz on Sep. 13, 1942, with Maria Wójcik and the sheltered Jew Szija Grinstam, also a local farmer (see: 678)

murdered together with 2 daughters of the Jewish local innkeeper: Ucia and Cinnia Fuchs, by Ukrainian nationalists, on Feb. 24, 1944

shot on July 5, 1943 at Szarwark, together with neighbours who had also been involved in helping Jews, incl. the Mendala family (see 376-379)

Bronisław shot in 1943. together with the 2 sheltered Jews; his wife, sent to a concentration camp, from which she never returned

shot on Nov. 7, 1943, in a group of 3 persons for help to Jews

shot on Mar. 22, 1943, together with a couple who helped a Jewess

shot on May 6, 1943, in Piotrków, sentenced to death by a special court for sheltering a Jew

tortured in Mar. 1942 by the local Gestapo head, Hamann, because he systematically destroyed information about Jews. Transferred to Tarnów prison he died there

arrested in her flat in June 1943 by Gestapo for sheltering with her daughters, Kazimiera and Teresa, 13 people of Jewish origin, belonging to the Krempel, Hennefeld and Herman families. Taken to a prison in Lwów, Strutyńska was sentenced to death and shot in Mar. 1944. The daughters escaped, as did one of the sheltered Jews, Lidia Hennefeld

shot in August 1943, together with Jan Wolski, for sheltering Jews, fugitives from the Gniewoszów camp. The warned Jews escaped (see: 666)

as the administrator of the Lublin diocese he often used to render help to Jews; he was sent to Auschwitz, where he died in 1941

shot in a mass execution of June 10, 1943, for sheltering Jews (see: 19-20)

sentenced to death by a special court for helping Jews; public notice issued by the commander of the SS and the Cracow District Police of Dec. 14, 1943

sentenced to death by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Cracow District Police for helping Jews; public notice of Jan. 29, 1944)

shot on Dec. 28, 1942 by military police from Biłgoraj, in the house of Józef Pelc, for whom he worked, mistakenly identified as the son of AnastazjaŁubiarz, a neighbour, who has been helping Jews (see: 147, 344-345)

arrested with his wife, Jadwiga, for sheltering during 1940-1943 a Jewish girl, Anna Kerc (born in 1937); sent in 1943 to Gross-Rosen where he died. His wife was sent to Ravensbrück, but she survived. The girl died

595. SZCZEPANIAK, Stanisław, his brother

596. SZCZEPANIAK, Władysław, his brother

shot on Dec. 11, 1943, by military police, together with their neighbour Jan Domeradzki, for giving refuge to a Jewish family during that year. The father of that family was killed also (see: 107)

killed on June 28 in a group of 25 inhabitants for sheltering Jews (see: 9)

599. SZEPIETOWSKI, Józef, 7, son

they died on July 11, 1943, on the Kowalczyk’s family farm-yard, shot be gendarnmes on the charge of helping Jews (see: 264-266)

601. SZKOTAK, Teresa, his wife

shot in fall 1943 in the village of Żdżary together with the sheltered Jews

shot by gendarmes on July 6, 1943 for cooperation in saving Jews

betrayed by the Volksdeutsche Sowiecka, he was killed on May 23, 1943, together with the 8 survivors of the ghetto uprising he was sheltering. Poshumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

killed on June 28, 1943 in a group of 25 villagers for sheltering Jews (see:9)

605. ŚLADOWSKA, Halina

sentenced to death by a special court of the SS and the Galician District Police for sheltering Jews; public notice issued on Dec. 14, 1943 in Lwów

arrested on Dec. 2, 1943 together with her relation, Jadwiga Śledź and her sisters for help to Jews. Sent to Pawiak prison, she was shot on Dec. 10, 1943 in the ruins of the Warsaw ghetto (see: 607)

arrested on Dec. 2, 1943 with her sisters Anna Rycerz and Janina elichowska, as well as with other relation, Helena Śledź, for help to Jews. Placed in Pawiak prison, with the others, she was shot on Dec. 10, 1943 in the ruins of the Warsaw ghetto (see: 532, 606, 701)

shot by gendarmes with a group of others in June 1943 at Markuszowa village for help to Jews, hiding in the forest (see: 426)

shot by the SS on Feb. 24, 1943 at Paulinów, together with a group of 14 people, victims of a Nazi provocation. (see: 14)

610. TATOMIR, Jan 49, mason from Jarosławice, Tarnopol prov.(incorporated after the war into the Soviet Ukraine)

with his wife and daughter, he gave refuge to 6 Jews in a shelter dug under his house. He was killed in 1943. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

612. TOKARCZYK, Karolina, 41, her daughter

shot on July 15, 1943 near their home by German police for sheltering Jews

killed in 1942 by military police from Leżajsk, for sheltering 4 members of the Hersh Rummler’s family, who also perished. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations"

sentenced to death on May 3, 1944 by a special court of the SS and the Cracow District Police, for helping Chaim and Shmul Neigreshel

killed on Apr. 1, 1942, with the sheltered Jews, by the military police

shot in spring of 1944, by Gestapo for sheltering Abraham Rosenberg and his son, with 4 other Jews. Died also his friend Jakub Fedorowicz (see: 122)

murdered in November 1942 for helping Jews

killed in a mass execution on May 9, 1943 for helping Jews (see: 70-71)

shot in 1943 for sheltering Leib Jaskow from Męcina

620. ULMA, Józef, farmer, living at Markowa near Łańcut, Rzeszów prov.

621. ULMA, Wikktoria, his wife

622. ULMA, Antoni, son

623. ULMA, Barbara, daughter

624. ULMA, Franciszek, son

625. ULMA, Marian, son

626. ULMA, Stanisława, daughter

627. ULMA, Władysław, son

the 8 members family was killed by the Germans in 1943 with the Jews sheltered in their attic: the Chol family of 5 people from Łańcut, Golda and Layka Goldman with her daughter. The oldest of the Ulmas children was 7 years old and the youngest was 18 months old

628. WACH, Tomasz, 41, farmer, from Brzoza Królewska, near Leżajsk, Rzeszów prov.

shot on Mar. 28, 1943 by gendarmes from Leżajsk, for cooperation in sheltering Jews for several months. The Jews were killed also (see: 275-276)

killed on Mar. 13, 1943 in a group of 30 people for sheltering Jews in the village (see: 49-51)

arrested on June 28, 1943, at Cisie, pacified for help given by its inhabitants o Jews; put in the Pawiak jail in Warsaw, and shot there on Jan. 13, 1944.

632. WANDERSMAN, his sister

shot in December 1943, together with Paweł Rygiel and his family for sheltering Jews (see: 533-535)

killed with 29 people on Mar. 13, 1943, for sheltering Jews (see: 49-50).

shot in December 1943 by Gestapo from Dębica, for sheltering Jews

636. WĽSOWSKA, Aleksandra, his wife

637. WĽSOWSKI, Mieczysław, her son

killed on June 28, 1943 at Cegłów with 24 villagers from Cisie, for sheltering Jews (see: 9)

639. WDOWIAK, Aleksandra, 17, his daughter

640. WDOWIAK, Marianna, 94, Benedykt’s mother

murdered on Dec. 7, 1942 in a group of 14 people by gendarmes from Ciepielów, for help rendered to Jews (see: 84)

shot by Gestapo on Sep. 12, 1942, together with Lejzor Graf whom he sheltered

killed on July 5, 1943 with her daughter, Teresa Mendala and her family for help to Jews (see: 376-379)

sheltered in his house 5 Jews Kopel; in February 1942 he was detained with 2 of them. Sent to Majdanek, then to Auschwitz, he was killed there

645. WIERZBANOWSKI, Stanisław

killed on June 22, 1943, for aiding Jews. Teofil Nowak with his daughter, Zębala, Katarzyna Żmuda and her children were killed also; (see: 399-400)

shot by military police on Feb. 28, 1944; expelled from Poland’s Western lands, he stayed with Leonard Pietrak’s family, killed for sheltering Jews (see: 461-463)

arrested on Dec. 3, 1943 for his part in helping Jewish people, perished on Aug. 4, 1944 in Gross-Rosen camp

shot by the SS on Feb. 24, 1943 at Paulinów, with 13 other people, victims of a Nazi provocation (see: 14)

shot in spring 1944, with her father -in-law for sheltering Jews

651. WILK, Jan, 24

652. WILK, Józef, 30

killed in a mass execution on Mar. 13, 1943 for sheltering Jews (see: 49-51)

killed on Apr. 19, 1943, while fighting with a division of the Home Army (AK) near the ghetto wall on Bonifraterska Str., attempting to blast a hole in the wall

654. WILK, Katarzyna, 52, living at Wierzbno, near Koniusza, Cracow prov.

655. WILK, Mieczysław, soldier in the Peasant Battalions (B.Ch.)

656. WILK, Stanisław, 46

shot on Feb. 18, 1943 at Wierzbno for sheltering Jews

shot in July or August 1942 with his friend Henryk Popis under the charge of sheltering Jews (see: 479)

sentenced to death on Dec. 23, 1943 for "sheltering and conspiring with Jews by a special court of the commander of the SS and the Secret Police for the Lublin region

arrested for sheltering Jews in November 1943, sent to Auschwitz, died there

662. WOJEWÓDKA, Marianna, 45, farmer, his wife

662. WOJEWÓDKA, Wacław, 21, farmer, son

663. WOJEWÓDKA, Jan, 18, farmer, son

664. WOJEWÓDKA, Stanisław, 12, son

665. WOJEWÓDKA, Józef, 7, son

murdered by gendarmes from Ciepielów, on Dec. 7, 1942, in a group of 14 people, for help rendered to Jews (see: 84)

shot in August 1943 with Jan Suchecki for sheltering several Jews, fugitives from the camp at Gniwoszów. The Jews were warned and escaped (see 587)

with his family he built an underground shelter in his backyard on Grójecka Str., where from 1942 he gave refuge to 34 Jews, incl..the well-known historian Emanuel Ringelblum, with wife and son. The shelter was discovered on Mar. 7, 1944. Wolski, his nephew, Janusz Wysocki and all the fugitives were taken to Pawiak prison. All the Jews were shot soon in the ghetto ruins, while no trace of the Poles was ever found. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations" (see: 690)

669. WOŁOWIEC, Stanisława, his wife

670. WOŁOWIEC, Bronisława, daughter

671. WOŁOWIEC, Janina, daughter

672. WOŁOWIEC, Leokadia, daughter

673. WOŁOWIEC, Kazimiera, daughter

Military police from Ciepielów killed the 6 members family in January 1943, for helping Jews in hiding. Gabriel was arrested and executed earlier. The daughters were aged 3 to 12. With them were shot: Józef Jelonek, and the handicapped servant Franciszek Zaborowski. (see: 188, 692)

killed in 1941 in the Immaculate Conception Convent in Słonim, together with the Mother Superior, Ewa Noyszewska, for sheltering Jews (see: 404)

murdered with Michał Wójcik by gendarmes in the spring 1943 for sheltering Jews and helping them to escape by crossing the river (see: 679)

killed in May 1944 for sheltering and helping Jews

killed at Cegłów on June 28, 1943, in a group execution at Cisie, for sheltering Jews (see: 9)

shot by German gendarmes at Radgoszcz on Sep. 13, 1942, with Maria Sołtys and the sheltered Szija Grinstam, also a local farmer (see: 576)

murdered with Franciszek Woźniak in the spring 1943, for sheltering Jews and helping in their escape trough the river (see: 675)

shot on Dec. 26, 1944 by military police from Jurków with the sheltered Jew Goldfinger

682. WÓJCIK, 3, her daughter

683. WÓJCIK, 2, her daughter

shot on Oct. 1942 together with the sheltered Jew

685. WÓJTOWICZ, Honorata, his wife

shot on Jan. 8, 1943 for help to Jews (see: 39-42)

687. WRÓBLEWSKA, his wife

Murdered by gendarmes in March 1941 with the 2 Jews sheltered by them, one of them by the name Wajnsztok

shot by Gestapo on Sep. 23, 1944, with the hidden Jew. His farm was burnt down

gave refuge to 4 Jews in an underground shelter and provided also 16 other Jews hiding in the forest with food and medicines. She was shot by military police on Sep. 25, 1943. Her husband escaped; the sheltered Jews and Marianna Barszcz, a Wysmólski employee, were killed also (see: 29)

arrested on Mar. 7, 1944, for helping Mieczysław Wolski in constructing an underground shelter and in helping the 34 Jews in that shelter; died in unknown circumstances. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations" (see: 667)

murdered in February 1942 together with the 3 sheltered Jewish girls

692. ZABOROWSKI, Franciszek, 40, from Zajšczków, near Ciepielów, Radom pr.

killed in January 1943 by military police from Ciepielów with the Wołowiec family, for sheltering Jews (see: 668-673)

killed on June 28, 1943, with many others, for help to Jews (see: 9)

shot by gendarmes in a group of people in June 1943 at Markuszowa, for help to Jews hiding in the forest (see: 426)

sent to Dachau, where he died, for sheltering a Jewish woman, also killed

killed on June 28, with many Cisie villagers, for help to Jews

arrested at the end of 1944 by gendarmes, for sheltering a Jew, who was shot while trying to escape; she was murdered in the prison of Dukla

shot in a group of 8 Poles on June 22, 1943 at Posšdza for sheltering Jews (see: 399-400)

;arrested in autumn for sheltering a Jew of 40 years, also an industrialist; sent to Majdanek, from where she never returned

shot by gendarmes on July 17, 1943 for sheltering Samuel Wind, a taylor from Dębica

701. ŻELICHOWSKA, Janina, living in Warsaw

arrested on Dec. 2, 1943, together with her sisters, Anna Rycerz and Jadwiga Śledź and a relation of that last, Helena Śledź, for help rendered to Jewish families. All four were put in Pawiak prison and shot in the ruins of ghetto on Dec. 10, 1943 (see: 607)

703. ŻMUDA, Teresa, 18, daughter

704. ŻMUDA, Zdzisław, 10, son

shot on June 22, 1943 at Posšdza in a group of 8 Poles for sheltering Jews (see: 399-400)

MASS EXECUTIONS

THE SO CALLED PACIFICATION OF VILLAGES

(not mentioned here previously)
 
 

FOR HELP RENDERED to JEWS:

Wierzbica, near Jędrzejów, Kielce prov. :

Winter of 1943: 30 inhabitants shot

Liszno, near Rejowiec Fabryczny, Chełm prov.

May 18, 1942: 16 people shot

May 26, 1942: 10 people shot

May, 1942: 40 people shot

Mar. 23, 1943: 16 people shot

FOR HELP to SOVIET POW and JEWS
 
 

Parypsie, near Chełm

May 22, 1942: 8 people shot

May 26, 1942: 15 people shot

May 26, 1942: 8 people shot

RIGHTEOUS of THE WORLD

by CHAIM CHEFER
 
 

I hear this title and it makes me think

About the people who saved me.

I ask and ask "Oh, my dear God,

Could I have done the same thing?

In a sea of hate stood my home,

Could I shelter a foreign son in my home?

Would I be willing along with my family

Constantly be threatened by certain evil?

Sleeples dark nights watching out for noise

Hearing footsteps of certain evil.

Would I be able to understand every sign,

Would I be ready for this, could I walk like this

Among those who would betray

Not one day, not one week, but so many years!

there a suspicious neighbor, there a look , and here a sound -

For that one - warm - brotherly clasping of my hand...

Not having any pension - not having anything for this.

Because a person to person must be a people.

Because a people comes at this time through -

So I ask you and ask you once more -

Could I have done the same if I was in their place?

It was they who went to war every day.

It was they who made the world a place for me.

It was they, the pillars, the Righteous brother,

Who this day this world is founded by.

For your courage, and for your warm extended hand

In front of you the Righteous I bow.